الأمان في السيارات الكهربائية.
1. مستوى الجهد الكهربي (voltage level)
• Level-A: يمكن للإنسان ان يتعرض لكهرباء لا تتعدى 30Vفي حالة التيار المتردد و60Vفي حالة التيار المباشر (الحد الذى يستطيع الانسان العادي ان يتعامل معه دون اذى).
• Level-B: كل الانظمة التي تتعدى الجهود التي ذكرناها كالموتور والكمبريسور وغيرهم لا يمكن للإنسان ان يتعامل معها وتكون مغلقة ولها دوائر حماية تضمن انه في حالة حتى تعمد العامل البشرى للوصول اليها لصيانتها او غيره (Direct contact) وكانت السيارة في وضع استعداد (CAR OK) فان دوائر الحماية تعمل على فصل السيارة في الحال لضمان عدم تعرض الانسان لهذا الجهد المرتفع وحدوث صدمة كهربية.
• ويندرج أيضا تحت هذا البند الاتصال غير المباشر (Indirect contact) والذي يضمن عدم تعرض الانسان لأي جهد كهربي في حالة ملامسة جسم السيارة او الأجزاء داخل كبوت السيارة. وهذا يعتمد على مقدار مقاومة العزل بين جسم السيارة والاجزاء الكهربية
والتي تنص المتطلبات ان تكون 500ohm/v في حالة التيار المتردد و100ohm/vفي حالة التيار المباشر.
2. الحماية ضد الماء (Requirements for waterproof)
• المكونات الكهربية خارج المقصورة الرئيسية لها درجة حماية لا تقل عن IPX7 والذي ينص على اجتياز تلك الأجزاء لاختبار الغرق تحت الماء
• اما المكونات الكهربية داخل المقصورة لها درجة حماية لا تقل عن IPX4 والذي ينص على اجتياز تلك الأجزاء لاختبار الرش بالماء بأنبوب متحرك لمدة 10 دقائق.
3. الحماية ضد الحوادث
• مركز الجاذبية (Centre of Gravity).
بطاريات السيارات الكهربائية ليست فقط مغلفة جيدًا؛ بل انها توجد في أرضية السيارة ومحمية بشكل خاص طبقاً للتصميم. ومن الآثار الجانبية المرحب بها أنه نظرًا لأن مركز جاذبية السيارة منخفض جدًا، فمن غير المرجح أن تنقلب السيارة حول محورها بنفس احتمالية ما قد يكون في السيارة التقليدية.
• الجهد العالي.
السيارات الكهربائية “آمنة في جوهرها” كما ذكرنا. ولكن في حالة وقوع حادث، يتم فصل البطارية تلقائيًا عن المكونات والكابلات الأخرى ذات الجهد العالي (disconnecting the battery system from the powertrain) حيث تنغلق على نفسها داخل الوعاء المصفح الخاص بها بحيث لا يوجد أي جهد بين طرفي البطارية في غضون أجزاء من الثانية والذي يعمل على استحالة وجود أي جهد في أي جزء من السيارة سواء مكونات محطمة او اسلاك مقطوعة نتيجة للحادث لتجنب حدوث تيار قصير (short circuit). ومع ذلك، يستمر النظام الكهربائي بجهد 12 فولت في العمل وتزويد مصابيح التحذير من الخطر. هذا الإجراء الأمني وحده يجعل الحريق المفاجئ أمرًا بعيد الاحتمال.
• لا يوجد وقود او سوائل قابلة للاشتعال.
في حين أن تسرب الوقود السائل من سيارة تعمل بالبنزين أو الديزل قد تشتعل فيه النيران ويؤدي إلى حدوث انفجار، فإن بطاريات السيارات الكهربائية عمومًا تحترق ببطء وتتيح وقتًا كافيًا للإخلاء من موقع الاصطدام.
Safety in electric cars.
1. Voltage level
• Level-A: A person can be exposed to electricity that does not exceed 30V in the case of alternating current and 60V in the case of direct current (the limit that a normal person can deal with without harm).
• Level-B: All systems that go beyond the efforts we mentioned, such as the motor, compressor and others, that a person cannot deal with, and they are closed and have protection circuits that ensure that in the event that the human worker deliberately reaches them for maintenance or others (Direct contact) and the car is in a ready mode (CAR) OK) The protection circuits work to disconnect the car immediately to ensure that the person is not exposed to this high voltage and electric shock occurs.
• Indirect contact, which ensures that a person is not exposed to any electrical voltage in case of contact with the car body or the parts inside the car hood, also falls under this heading. This depends on the amount of insulation resistance between the car body and the electrical parts
The requirements are 500ohm/v for alternating current and 100ohm/v for direct current.
2. Requirements for waterproof
• Electrical components outside the main compartment have a protection rating of at least IPX7, which states that these parts pass the underwater test.
• As for the electrical components inside the cabin, they have a degree of protection not less than IPX4, which stipulates that these parts pass the test of spraying with water with a moving tube for a period of 10 minutes.
3. Accident protection
• Center of Gravity.
Electric vehicle batteries are not only well packaged; Rather, they are located in the floor of the vehicle and are specially protected according to the design. A welcome side effect is that because the car’s center of gravity is so low, the car is less likely to turn on its axis than it would in a conventional car.
• High voltage.
Electric cars are “inherently safe” as mentioned. But in the event of an accident, the battery is automatically disconnected from other high-voltage components and cables (disconnecting the battery system from the powertrain) locking itself inside its own armored housing so that within milliseconds there is no voltage between the battery terminals that operates On the impossibility of any voltage in any part of the car, whether broken components or cut wires as a result of the accident, to avoid a short circuit. However, the 12V electrical system continues to operate and supply the hazard warning lights. This security measure alone makes a sudden fire highly unlikely.
• No flammable fuel or liquids.
While a liquid fuel leak from a gasoline or diesel vehicle could catch fire and cause an explosion, electric vehicle batteries generally burn slowly and allow enough time to evacuate from the impact site.
1. Voltage level
• Level-A: A person can be exposed to electricity that does not exceed 30V in the case of alternating current and 60V in the case of direct current (the limit that a normal person can deal with without harm).
• Level-B: All systems that go beyond the efforts we mentioned, such as the motor, compressor and others, that a person cannot deal with, and they are closed and have protection circuits that ensure that in the event that the human worker deliberately reaches them for maintenance or others (Direct contact) and the car is in a ready mode (CAR) OK) The protection circuits work to disconnect the car immediately to ensure that the person is not exposed to this high voltage and electric shock occurs.
• Indirect contact, which ensures that a person is not exposed to any electrical voltage in case of contact with the car body or the parts inside the car hood, also falls under this heading. This depends on the amount of insulation resistance between the car body and the electrical parts
The requirements are 500ohm/v for alternating current and 100ohm/v for direct current.
2. Requirements for waterproof
• Electrical components outside the main compartment have a protection rating of at least IPX7, which states that these parts pass the underwater test.
• As for the electrical components inside the cabin, they have a degree of protection not less than IPX4, which stipulates that these parts pass the test of spraying with water with a moving tube for a period of 10 minutes.
3. Accident protection
• Center of Gravity.
Electric vehicle batteries are not only well packaged; Rather, they are located in the floor of the vehicle and are specially protected according to the design. A welcome side effect is that because the car’s center of gravity is so low, the car is less likely to turn on its axis than it would in a conventional car.
• High voltage.
Electric cars are “inherently safe” as mentioned. But in the event of an accident, the battery is automatically disconnected from other high-voltage components and cables (disconnecting the battery system from the powertrain) locking itself inside its own armored housing so that within milliseconds there is no voltage between the battery terminals that operates On the impossibility of any voltage in any part of the car, whether broken components or cut wires as a result of the accident, to avoid a short circuit. However, the 12V electrical system continues to operate and supply the hazard warning lights. This security measure alone makes a sudden fire highly unlikely.
• No flammable fuel or liquids.
While a liquid fuel leak from a gasoline or diesel vehicle could catch fire and cause an explosion, electric vehicle batteries generally burn slowly and allow enough time to evacuate from the impact site.
